County Information
MRSA Information
New York State Department of Health Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (CA-MRSA)
What is Staphylococcus aureus?
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a bacteria normally found on the skin
or in the nose of 20 to 30 percent of healthy individuals. When S. aureus
is present without causing symptoms, it is called colonization. If symptoms
are present, it is called an infection.
What is MRSA?
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a strain of
S. aureus that is resistant to methicillin, an antibiotic in the same class
as penicillin, and is traditionally seen in people who have been recently hospitalized
or who have been treated at a health care facility (such as treatment at a
dialysis center).
What is CA-MRSA?
Community-associated MRSA infections (CA-MRSA) are MRSA infections
in healthy people who have not been hospitalized or had a medical procedure
(such as dialysis or surgery) within the past year.
Who gets CA-MRSA?
Anyone can get CA-MRSA, however outbreaks have been seen among athletes,
prisoners, military recruits, daycare attendees, injection drug users and
other groups of people who live in crowded settings and/or routinely share
contaminated items. Poor hygiene practices, such as lack of hand washing,
may spread the bacteria easily.
What are the symptoms associated with CA-MRSA infection?
CA-MRSA infections typically begin as skin infections. They first
appear as reddened areas on the skin, or can resemble pimples that develop
into skin abscesses or boils causing fever, pus, swelling, or pain.
How are CA-MRSA infections treated?
CA-MRSA skin infections can be treated by draining any abscesses or boils
and providing localized care. Antibiotics can be given if necessary. When
left untreated, CA-MRSA infections can progress to serious complications.
Visit your health care provider if you think you might have a MRSA infection.
How do I know if I got MRSA from the community or from a health
care setting?
Most MRSA infections are found in people who are or have recently been hospitalized.
CA-MRSA is usually diagnosed when the patient has an MRSA infection and has
not had surgery, dialysis, nor been admitted to a hospital or other health
care facilities in the past year. CA-MRSA can also be diagnosed when a person
has a MRSA infection that began too soon after admission to be acquired in
the hospital.
How is it transmitted?
CA-MRSA is spread in the same way as an MRSA infection, mainly through person-to-person
contact or contact with a contaminated item such as a towel, clothing or
athletic equipment. Bacteria that exist normally on the skin cause CA-MRSA
and so it is possible to infect a re-existing cut not protected by a dressing
or other bandage.
How can the spread of CA-MRSA be controlled?
Careful hand washing is the single most effective way to control the spread
of CA-MRSA. Skin infections caused by MRSA should be covered until healed,
especially to avoid spreading the infection to others. Family members and
others with close contact should wash their hands frequently with soap
and water. Personal items that may be contaminated (towels, razors, clothing,
etc.) should not be shared.
Both the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) have issued recommendations for preventing the spread of MRSA among athletes.
These include:
- practicing good personal hygiene, including showering after practices and competitions.
- not sharing personal items such as towels.
- Athletes who participate in sports where equipment is often collectively used are encouraged to reduce sharing as much as possible and to regularly wipe-down equipment/mats with commercial disinfectants or a 1:100 solution of diluted bleach (one tablespoon bleach in one quart water).
Where can I get further information on CA-MRSA?
Further information is available on Overview of Community-Associated MRSA on the CDC's web site or by calling your local health department at 716-439-7470 or 716-278-1900.
